U.S. History
The First Presidential Inauguration of the United States
Explore Washington’s first presidential inauguration.
Engage
Learn about Washington’s inauguration in this Traverse 360.
Analyze
Washington’s First Inaugural Address
Genre: Speech | Creator: George Washington | Date: 1789
Background
George Washington delivered his first inaugural address to a joint session of Congress on April 30, 1789, in New York City, the temporary seat of the U.S. government. Originally, the inauguration had been planned for the beginning of March, but because of bad weather, the electoral vote could not be tallied until April 6, 1789. Washington won unanimously.
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
By the article establishing the Executive Department, it is made the duty of the President “to recommend to your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.”
The circumstances under which I now meet you, will acquit me from entering into that subject, farther than to refer to the Great Constitutional Charter under which you are assembled; and which, in defining your powers, designates the objects to which your attention is to be given . . . Since we ought to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of Heaven, can never be expected on a nation that disregards the eternal rules of order and right, which Heaven itself has ordained: and since the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty, and the destiny of the Republican model of Government are justly considered as deeply, perhaps as finally, staked, on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American People.
Excerpted from George Washington’s First Inaugural Address, 1789.
Collaborate
Wraparound
After students complete the lesson, pose the following question to students:
What is the president’s role in creating major change?
Go around the room and have each student share aloud a short, quick response to the question. After all students have responded, ask:
- What common ideas did you share in the wraparound?
- What surprised you?
- What are you curious to investigate after this wraparound?
Teacher Resources
Think Like a Historian: Sourcing Information
Use this additional sourcing information to further contextualize the source in order to deepen students’ analysis and evaluation.
This was Washington’s first speech as U.S. president, addressed to Congress to express his hopes for a successful start to the new national government.
This speech introduced Washington’s goals and intentions as president.
The immediate audience for Washington’s speech was members of the Senate and House of Representatives.
This source conveys information about the ideals of government that Washington highly valued, such as “the eternal rules of order and right” and “the preservation of the sacred fire of liberty,” but this excerpt presents general statements without giving specifics.
Scaffolding and Differentiation: Reading Comprehension Support
Remind students that this text is an excerpt from what was originally delivered as a speech. Have students reflect on how reading a speech differs from hearing it.
Washington uses long sentences and unfamiliar words. Encourage students to annotate to practice the reading comprehension strategy of summarizing as they read.
Analyze and Discuss
To extend discussions, consider asking the following questions.
- Why did Washington give this speech?
- (He was starting his new role as president.)
- What was new about the government at the time this speech was given?
- (This was the start of a new government under the Constitution.)